Certified Search & Seizure Instructor

Course Introduction

1. Instructor introduction.
2. Explain the course objective.
3. Encourage attendees to ask questions and share feedback with other attendees.
4. Explain that certificates will be emailed after the class.
5. Go over the three disclaimers:
6. There are no black and white answers
7. Laws and agency standard operating procedures may be more restrictive. Blue to Gold teaches the federal standard unless otherwise stated. Therefore, students must know their state and local requirements in addition to the federal standard.
8. If you have any doubts, push it up the chain.
9. This course is legal education, NOT legal advice.

Module One: Instructor Fundamentals

Three Golden Rules

Rule One: The more you articulate why you did something, the more likely it will be upheld in court.

1. Best Practice
2. Example: DUI Investigation
3. Ask the Class
4. Examples

Rule Two: The more serious the crime, the more reasonable your actions are likely to be viewed

1. Case Sample: U.S. v. Michael Torres
2. Case Sample: Edwards v. State

Rule Three: Conduct all warrantless searches and seizures in the same manner as if you had a warrant

1. Case Sample: Lowe v. State
2. Case Sample: State v. Radel

Traits of a Good Instructor

1. Smiles and Laughs
2. Is Confident, NOT Arrogant
3. Never Insults or Makes Students Feel Dumb
4. Doesn’t Make Students Wrong
5. Admits When Wrong or Doesn’t Know
6. Encourages Participation
7. Translates Legalese Into Analogies

Phrases and Analogies

• “Duration of Stop is Like Melting Ice Cubes.”
• “Can’t look for an elephant in a breadbox”
• “The ‘cat out of the bag’ Search”
• “Piggyback Rule”
• “Think ‘Artificial Vantage Point’ or Peepin’ Tom Rule!”
• “The 100-Person Test”
• “Hold on to ID’s and you can only get burned”
• “Skin in the Game”

Pictures

• The Rodriguez Case
• The Charley Case
• State v. Mitchell

Videos

• Watch the Video: ______________
• Watch the Video: ______________
• How To Add YouTube Videos to PowerPoint

Dresses and Acts Professionally

Encourages Cops to Make Good Case Law

Module Two: Search and Seizure Analysis

Five Questions and CREW

Q1: Who did the search or seizure?

1. When does a private search become a government search?
2. Case Sample: State v. Waterbury
3. Case Sample: United States v. Stephen
4. Ask the Class: What is a “cat out of the bag” search?
5. Case Sample: U.S. v. Jacobsen
6. Two Major Restrictions
   1. Can’t Exceed Private Search
   2. Must Have Lawful Access
7. Ask the Class: What is the substantial certainty test?
8. Case Sample: United States v. Runyan
9. Case Sample: Rann v. Atchison

Q2: Was it a protected area?

1. The Fourth Amendment protects four things:

• • People
  • Structures and Curtilage
  • Data
  • Possessions

1. Four Factors for Curtilage

• • Proximity
  • Enclosed
  • Use
  • Sight Screening

Case Sample: U.S. v. Dunn

Case Sample: State v. Karston

Case Sample: State v. Larson

Case Sample: State v. Weaver

Q3: Did a search or seizure occur?

   Reasonable Expectation of Privacy

• • Factors Needed to Establish REP
  • Case Sample: Raettig v. State
  • Case Sample: United States v. Fields
  • Case Sample: United States v. Trice
  • Case Sample: United States v. Heath

Trespass Into A Protected Area

• • Two Factors Needed to Establish a Search Under Trespass
  • Two Seizures Under the Fourth Amendment
  • Show of Authority
  • Physical Seizures

Q4: Did you have C.R.E.W.?

1. C.R.E.W. – Consent (Three Requirements)

• • Free and Voluntary
  • Apparent Authority
  • Don’t Exceed Scope

1. C. R.E.W – Recognized Exception

• • Community Caretaking
  • Case Sample: State v. Elders
  • Case Sample: Commonwealth v. Livingstone
  • Case Sample: Commonwealth v. Robertson

1. C.R.E.W. – Warrant

• • Case Sample: Raettig v. State

1. 1. Decision Sequencing

• • Example One
  • Example Two
  • Example Three

“Secret” Fifth Question – Q5: Is there a C.R.E.W. exception?

1. Reasons to Exclude Evidence

• • To deter police misconduct
  • Courts don’t want to be “accomplices” in unlawfulness
  • Instill public trust/confidence in government

C.R.E.W. Exceptions – No Standing

C.R.E.W. Exceptions – Inevitable Discovery

• Inevitable Discovery
• Independent Source

C.R.E.W. Exceptions – Good Faith/Bad Faith

• Good Faith
  • Invalid Search Warrant
  • Invalid Arrest Warrant
  • Unconstitutional Law
• Bad Faith
  • Lies and Reckless Information
  • Biased Judge
  • Facially Invalid
  • Objective Reasonableness

C.R.E.W. Exceptions – Other Exceptions

• Non-Criminal Hearings
• Grand Jury
• State Law Violations
• Attenuation Doctrine
• Self Help

Liability § 1983

1. 42 U.S.C. § 1983
2. Case Sample: Monroe v. Pape
3. Case Sample: Malay v. City of Syracuse
4. Case Sample: Luce v. Town of Campbell
5. Case Sample: Hoke v. Anderson
6. Case Sample: Sims v. Labowitz

1983 In Action

Liability § 242

242 in Action

Liability Pattern and Practice

1. Legal Definitions
2. Judicial Hierarchy
3. Trial Court, Appellate Court, and Court of Last Resort
4. Petitioner
5. Appellant
6. Respondent
7. Appellee
8. Procedural Posture
9. Statement of Facts
10. Stare Decisis
11. Affirmed
12. Vacated
13. Reversed
14. Habeas Corpus
15. Status Quo
16. De Facto
17. De Minimis

Case Law Hierarchy

1. Binding Authority
2. Persuasive Authority

Module Three: Using Legal Resources

1. Federal Law
2. State Statutes
3. Local Ordinances
4. Regulations
5. Secondary Sources

Module Four: Finding Case Law

1. Saved Cases
   1. Evernote
   2. Word Doc
   3. Folders

Secondary Sources

1. 1. Must Have Free Resources
   2. Finding Resources
   3. Paid Resources

Analog Cases

Organic Search

1. Keywords
2. Boolean Logic

• • Quotation Marks
  • Or
  • Wildcard “*”
  • Minus (-)

Module Five: Reading Case Law

1. Citation
2. Background
3. Legal Issues
4. Conclusions

Module Six: Summarizing Case Law

Summarizing

1. Issue
2. Facts
3. Holding
4. Rationale/Takeaway

Summary Examples

1. Summary Example One: Arizona v. Hicks, 480 U.S. 321 (1987)
2. Summary Example Two: State v. Cantsee, 321 P.3d 888 (2014)

Answering Legal Questions

1. How to Answer Questions
2. Legal Advice

Module Seven: Analogs

1. Victim’s Bill of Rights
2. Doe v. Dep’t of Pub. Safety & Corr. Servs. 430 Md. 535 (2013)
3. New Jersey Constitution Article I, Section 7
4. Commonwealth v. Brown, 996 A.2d 473 (2010)
5. Commonwealth v. Alexis, 481 Mass. 91, 99-100
6. Pro Tip
7. Pro Tip: Emerging Legal Issues
8. Handouts
9. University Access
10. Books

Module Eight: Pre-Test Q&As

Fourth Amendment Analysis

1. Analysis One
2. Analysis Two
3. Analysis Three
4. Analysis Four
5. Analysis Five
6. Analysis Six
7. Analysis Seven
8. Analysis Eight
9. Analysis Nine
10. Analysis Ten

Summarizing Case Law Activity

Module Nine: Final Test