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5 Ways to Pursue Hunches

Wednesday, September 23, 2026 | 6:00 PM Eastern

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Lansing, Michigan (Closed Training)

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Pasco, Washington (Livestreaming Available)

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The Ultimate Fourth Amendment Framework

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Atty. Anthony Bandiero is joined by senior legal instructor John Wiehn, prosecutor/instructor David Huckabee, and Mike Boone of Drury Law Enforcement Academy for another live Q&A. Real questions from real officers, answered on the spot. 𝗧𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁'𝘀 𝗾𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀: 📌 A passenger appears to be hiding something on a nighttime stop. Why "nervous + furtive movements" won't survive anymore, and how to articulate a Michigan v. Long protective sweep that will. 📌 Clear-bag policy at a football game — guy leaves his backpack by the fence and walks in. Abandoned? (State v. Dixon, Neb. 2020) 📌 Can you order a passenger to leave her purse in the car — and still search it under the Carroll doctrine? 📌 One roommate consents; contraband sits on the other roommate's desk in a shared dorm room. Can you walk over and grab it? (People v. Stock, Colo. 2017) 📌 Confrontational driver says "yeah, I got drugs and guns in there." Verbal PC, or are you being played? 📌 Search incident to arrest when you cite and release. (Knowles v. Iowa, and why it's really an exigency search — U.S. v. Pope, 9th Cir.) 📌 THCA tube in plain view on the porch of a known drug house. Enough for a warrant into the residence? 📌 How much privacy do homeless encampments have — on public land, and on huge private tracts? 📌 State v. Young (Tex. Crim. App.): anonymous call, driver asleep at a light, exit order before the officer smelled anything. When did it become a detention? The theme of the night: articulation. Stop writing "nervous." Tell the court why. When in doubt, write it out. 𝗤𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗧𝗶𝗺𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗺𝗽 2:13 Nervous passenger hiding something: what can you do? 4:05 What a "furtive movement" really is 5:45 Michigan v. Long, Brendlin v. California, and the exit order 8:28 The most important word in report writing 10:30 The unattended backpack at the stadium 14:46 State v. Dixon: abandonment must be clear and unequivocal 18:25 Ordering a passenger to leave her purse in the car 23:25 Officer safety vs. the Carroll doctrine 27:42 Dorm rooms: one roommate consents 34:12 People v. Stock: common authority 35:02 "I got drugs and guns in there" — sarcasm or verbal PC? 42:39 Search incident to arrest when you cite and release 46:29 It's not a SITA — it's an exigency search (U.S. v. Pope) 50:02 Paraphernalia on the porch: enough for a warrant? 55:40 Homeless encampments and privacy in tents 1:02:27 State v. Young: welfare check to DWI 1:07:47 Community caretaking is a seizure by definition 1:10:09 Is your "anonymous" tip really anonymous? Have a search and seizure question in mind? Submit them for instructors to answer or join the next Search & Seizure show and get your questions answered LIVE ON AIR. 🚨 https://www.bluetogold.com/show https://bluetogold.com/trainings/?attendance=webinar If you like this video, don’t forget to like and subscribe to our channel for more legal updates! -- Blue to Gold Training: ➜ Class Schedules - https://www.bluetogold.com/trainings ➜ On-demand Training - https://university.bluetogold.com/ ➜ Free Legal Training Webinar - https://bluetogold.com/trainings/?attendance=webinar ➜ Book Store and Training Materials - https://www.bluetogold.com/store CONNECT WITH US: 🌍 Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/bluetogold 📸 Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/bluetogold 🎥 TikTok - https://www.tiktok.com/bluetogoldtrai... 💌 LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/blue... #LawEnforcementTraining #PoliceTraining #LegalEducation #bluetogold #searchandseizure #fourthamendment #caselawforcops #caselaw
Search and Seizure Show | September 16, 2026
Can you still compel someone's ID if you never actually plan to write the citation? Yes. It doesn't matter what your mental intent is at the time of the stop. If you have valid probable cause and statutory authority, you can demand ID. Whether you follow through with a citation afterward has no bearing on the legality of the stop itself. This is exactly what pretextual policing looks like, and it's a recognized, lawful practice. Full episode with Anthony Bandiero and Nick on YouTube, recorded live in Austin, Texas. #LawEnforcement #FourthAmendment #PretextualStop #IDCompel #RoadsideChat
Jaywalking stop. Bicycle stop. No ID normally required by law.
An officer asked: If I stop someone with probable cause for a violation where ID isn't normally required, like a bicycle stop or jaywalking, can I compel their ID? And does that change if I never actually intend to cite them once I run their information? This episode features Anthony Bandiero and Nick, a legal intern and incoming Blue to Gold instructor, working through a real scenario submitted by an officer in California during a live Q&A session recorded in Austin, Texas. 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝘆𝗼𝘂'𝗹𝗹 𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗻: 📌 Why an officer's subjective intent to cite or not cite generally doesn't control whether ID can be compelled, so long as there is valid probable cause and statutory authority for the underlying stop 📌 Why the citation outcome, whether the officer ultimately writes it or lets it go, has no bearing on the lawfulness of demanding ID at the time of the stop 📌 Why pretextual policing, watching for a minor violation while actually looking for something bigger, is a recognized and lawful practice, distinct from whether an officer follows through on the citation afterward 𝗖𝗮𝘀𝗲 𝗹𝗮𝘄 𝗰𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗱: 📌 No specific cases are cited by name in this episode. However, the analysis closely mirrors the reasoning in Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806 (1996), that an officer's subjective intent or motivation is generally irrelevant to the Fourth Amendment analysis, which instead turns on objective reasonableness. Have a search and seizure question in mind? Submit them for instructors to answer or join the next Search & Seizure show and get your questions answered LIVE ON AIR. 🚨 https://www.bluetogold.com/show https://bluetogold.com/trainings/?attendance=webinar If you like this video, don’t forget to like and subscribe to our channel for more legal updates! -- Blue to Gold Training: ➜ Class Schedules - https://www.bluetogold.com/trainings ➜ On-demand Training - https://university.bluetogold.com/ ➜ Free Legal Training Webinar - https://bluetogold.com/trainings/?attendance=webinar ➜ Book Store and Training Materials - https://www.bluetogold.com/store CONNECT WITH US: 🌍 Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/bluetogold 📸 Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/bluetogold 🎥 TikTok - https://www.tiktok.com/bluetogoldtrai... 💌 LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/blue... #LawEnforcementTraining #PoliceTraining #LegalEducation #bluetogold #searchandseizure #fourthamendment #caselawforcops #caselaw
EP#1060 Can Officers Compel ID From a Pedestrian or Cyclist Without Planning to Cite Them?
The suspect stands in his own doorway, then shuts the door and refuses to come out. Can officers reach across the threshold and pull him out? No. Some states still have statutes on the books authorizing forced entry for felony arrests, the exact kind of law Payton v. New York already struck down decades ago. Mandatory arrest does not mean mandatory constitutional violation. Probable cause alone is not enough. You need consent, a recognized exception, or a warrant before crossing that threshold. Full episode with Anthony Bandiero and Nick on YouTube, recorded live in Austin, Texas. #LawEnforcement #FourthAmendment #DomesticViolence #Payton #RoadsideChat
Domestic violence investigation. Officers have probable cause for a felony arrest.
Run it through a facial recognition website, and use what comes back, even to check for wants and warrants? Yes. No court has held that photographing someone in public is a Fourth Amendment search, an isolated, officer-level photo used to identify one person is legally different from mass surveillance. That's the line drawn in Leaders of a Beautiful Struggle v. Baltimore Police Department, where a citywide aerial tracking program was struck down. A single photo isn't that. Full episode with Anthony Bandiero and Nick on YouTube, recorded live in Austin, Texas. #FacialRecognition #FourthAmendment #LawEnforcement #Surveillance #RoadsideChat
Can I snap someone's photo in public?
This week's question: An officer in Texas asks about a common but controversial practice — snapping a photo of someone in public (or a lawfully detained person refusing to identify) and running it through a facial-recognition website to get a name, mugshot match, and public arrest/booking history. The follow-up: once officers have a name, can they run wants and warrants on it? 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝘆𝗼𝘂'𝗹𝗹 𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗻: 📌 Why an isolated, officer-level photo of someone in public — whether taken during a stop or discreetly — almost certainly does not implicate the Fourth Amendment, since no circuit has held that simply photographing a person in public constitutes a search 📌 Why facial-recognition matching is legally distinct from mass-surveillance programs: a single photo used to identify one person is fundamentally different from systems that track everyone's movements citywide over time 📌 Why any restrictions on facial recognition right now are coming from state and local law (some cities and states have banned or limited it), not from any national Fourth Amendment case law — so officers need to know their own jurisdiction's rules 𝗖𝗮𝘀𝗲 𝗹𝗮𝘄 𝗰𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗱: 📌 Leaders of a Beautiful Struggle v. Baltimore Police Department, 2 F.4th 330 (4th Cir. 2021) (en banc) — the Fourth Circuit held that Baltimore's aerial surveillance program, which could track the movements of nearly every resident in the city, constituted a Fourth Amendment search requiring a warrant. Anthony and Nick distinguish this mass-surveillance holding from a one-off facial-recognition photo used to identify a single suspect. Anthony Bandiero and Nick — legal intern, former California police officer, and incoming Blue to Gold instructor — break down where officer-level facial recognition tools stand under the Fourth Amendment today. Have a search and seizure question in mind? Submit them for instructors to answer or join the next Search & Seizure show and get your questions answered LIVE ON AIR. 🚨 https://www.bluetogold.com/show https://bluetogold.com/trainings/?attendance=webinar If you like this video, don’t forget to like and subscribe to our channel for more legal updates! -- Blue to Gold Training: ➜ Class Schedules - https://www.bluetogold.com/trainings ➜ On-demand Training - https://university.bluetogold.com/ ➜ Free Legal Training Webinar - https://bluetogold.com/trainings/?attendance=webinar ➜ Book Store and Training Materials - https://www.bluetogold.com/store CONNECT WITH US: 🌍 Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/bluetogold 📸 Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/bluetogold 🎥 TikTok - https://www.tiktok.com/bluetogoldtrai... 💌 LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/blue... #LawEnforcementTraining #PoliceTraining #LegalEducation #bluetogold #searchandseizure #fourthamendment #caselawforcops #caselaw
EP#1059 Can Officers Use Facial Recognition to ID Someone in Public?
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